信息共享是建立团队认知并实现协调与合作的关键。高性能的人类团队也从战略性地采用迭代沟通和合理性的层次结构级别中受益，这意味着人类代理可以推理队友在决策中的行动。然而，多代理强化学习（MARL）的大多数先前工作不支持迭代的理性性，而只能鼓励跨性别的沟通，从而实现了次优的平衡合作策略。在这项工作中，我们表明，在优化政策梯度（PG）时，将代理商的政策重新制定为有条件依靠其邻近队友的政策，从而固有地提高了相互信息（MI）的最大程度。在有限的理性和认知层次结构理论下的决策观念的基础上，我们表明我们的修改后的PG方法不仅可以最大化本地代理人的奖励，而且还隐含着关于代理之间MI的理由，而无需任何明确的临时正则化术语。我们的方法Infopg在学习新兴的协作行为方面优于基准，并在分散的合作MARL任务中设定了最先进的工作。我们的实验通过在几个复杂的合作多代理域中实现较高的样品效率和更大的累积奖励来验证InfoPG的实用性。

在许多应用中，例如自主驾驶，手动操作或机器人导航，对象检测方法必须能够检测训练集中的对象。开放世界检测（OWD）旨在通过概括检测性能和看不见的类类别来解决这个问题。最近的作品在呼吁开放世界的建议（OWP）时，最近的作品已经取得了成功，但这是在检测模型中考虑两项任务时分类任务的大幅下降的成本。这些作品通过利用对象得分提示来调查两级区域提案网络（RPN）;然而，对于本地化和分类的简单性，运行时间和解耦，我们通过诸如FCOS的完全卷积的一级检测网络的镜头来调查OWP。我们认为，我们对FCO的建筑和采样优化可以通过在新颖类别上召回的召回，标志着一个免费的一级单级检测网络，以实现对基于RPN的两级网络的可比性性能，可以增加OWP性能。此外，我们表明FCO的固有，解耦架构具有保留分类性能的好处。虽然两阶段方法在新颖的课程中召回6％时，我们表明FCO仅在为OWP和分类中优化时才会下降2％。

State-of-the-art automatic augmentation methods (e.g., AutoAugment and RandAugment) for visual recognition tasks diversify training data using a large set of augmentation operations. The range of magnitudes of many augmentation operations (e.g., brightness and contrast) is continuous. Therefore, to make search computationally tractable, these methods use fixed and manually-defined magnitude ranges for each operation, which may lead to sub-optimal policies. To answer the open question on the importance of magnitude ranges for each augmentation operation, we introduce RangeAugment that allows us to efficiently learn the range of magnitudes for individual as well as composite augmentation operations. RangeAugment uses an auxiliary loss based on image similarity as a measure to control the range of magnitudes of augmentation operations. As a result, RangeAugment has a single scalar parameter for search, image similarity, which we simply optimize via linear search. RangeAugment integrates seamlessly with any model and learns model- and task-specific augmentation policies. With extensive experiments on the ImageNet dataset across different networks, we show that RangeAugment achieves competitive performance to state-of-the-art automatic augmentation methods with 4-5 times fewer augmentation operations. Experimental results on semantic segmentation, object detection, foundation models, and knowledge distillation further shows RangeAugment's effectiveness.

In this work, we explore a useful but often neglected methodology for robustness analysis of text generation evaluation metrics: stress tests with synthetic data. Basically, we design and synthesize a wide range of potential errors and check whether they result in a commensurate drop in the metric scores. We examine a range of recently proposed evaluation metrics based on pretrained language models, for the tasks of open-ended generation, translation, and summarization. Our experiments reveal interesting insensitivities, biases, or even loopholes in existing metrics. For example, we find that BERTScore ignores truncation errors in summarization, and MAUVE (built on top of GPT-2) is insensitive to errors at the beginning of generations. Further, we investigate the reasons behind these blind spots and suggest practical workarounds for a more reliable evaluation of text generation.

Multi-lingual language models (LM), such as mBERT, XLM-R, mT5, mBART, have been remarkably successful in enabling natural language tasks in low-resource languages through cross-lingual transfer from high-resource ones. In this work, we try to better understand how such models, specifically mT5, transfer *any* linguistic and semantic knowledge across languages, even though no explicit cross-lingual signals are provided during pre-training. Rather, only unannotated texts from each language are presented to the model separately and independently of one another, and the model appears to implicitly learn cross-lingual connections. This raises several questions that motivate our study, such as: Are the cross-lingual connections between every language pair equally strong? What properties of source and target language impact the strength of cross-lingual transfer? Can we quantify the impact of those properties on the cross-lingual transfer? In our investigation, we analyze a pre-trained mT5 to discover the attributes of cross-lingual connections learned by the model. Through a statistical interpretation framework over 90 language pairs across three tasks, we show that transfer performance can be modeled by a few linguistic and data-derived features. These observations enable us to interpret cross-lingual understanding of the mT5 model. Through these observations, one can favorably choose the best source language for a task, and can anticipate its training data demands. A key finding of this work is that similarity of syntax, morphology and phonology are good predictors of cross-lingual transfer, significantly more than just the lexical similarity of languages. For a given language, we are able to predict zero-shot performance, that increases on a logarithmic scale with the number of few-shot target language data points.

Finetuning image-text models such as CLIP achieves state-of-the-art accuracies on a variety of benchmarks. However, recent works like WiseFT (Wortsman et al., 2021) and LP-FT (Kumar et al., 2022) have shown that even subtle differences in the finetuning process can lead to surprisingly large differences in the final performance, both for in-distribution (ID) and out-of-distribution (OOD) data. In this work, we show that a natural and simple approach of mimicking contrastive pretraining consistently outperforms alternative finetuning approaches. Specifically, we cast downstream class labels as text prompts and continue optimizing the contrastive loss between image embeddings and class-descriptive prompt embeddings (contrastive finetuning). Our method consistently outperforms baselines across 7 distribution shifts, 6 transfer learning, and 3 few-shot learning benchmarks. On WILDS-iWILDCam, our proposed approach FLYP outperforms the top of the leaderboard by $2.3\%$ ID and $2.7\%$ OOD, giving the highest reported accuracy. Averaged across 7 OOD datasets (2 WILDS and 5 ImageNet associated shifts), FLYP gives gains of $4.2\%$ OOD over standard finetuning and outperforms the current state of the art (LP-FT) by more than $1\%$ both ID and OOD. Similarly, on 3 few-shot learning benchmarks, our approach gives gains up to $4.6\%$ over standard finetuning and $4.4\%$ over the state of the art. In total, these benchmarks establish contrastive finetuning as a simple, intuitive, and state-of-the-art approach for supervised finetuning of image-text models like CLIP. Code is available at https://github.com/locuslab/FLYP.

在现代世界中，数据科学和分析以优化或预测结果的应用无处不在。数据科学和分析已经优化了市场中存在的几乎所有领域。在我们的调查中，我们专注于如何在体育领域采用分析领域，以及它如何促进游戏的转型，从评估现场玩家及其选择到赢得团队的预测以及大型体育比赛的门票和商业方面的营销。我们将介绍体育分析领域采用的不同运动的分析工具，算法和方法论，并介绍我们对同一体育的看法，我们还将比较和对比这些现有方法。通过这样做，我们还将介绍任何希望尝试体育数据并分析游戏的各个方面的人考虑的最佳工具，算法和分析方法。

数字技术的发展和体育运动的日益普及激发了创新者，通过引入幻想体育平台FSP，将体育倾向的用户带到一个全新的不同层次上。数据科学和分析的应用在现代世界中无处不在。数据科学和分析打开门，以获得更深入的理解和帮助，以帮助决策过程。我们坚信，我们可以采用数据科学来预测FSP上的获胜幻想板球团队，Dream 11.我们建立了一个预测模型，可以预测潜在游戏中玩家的性能。我们结合了贪婪和背包算法的组合，开出了11名球员的组合，创建了一支幻想板球团队，这是最重要的统计赔率，即最大的团队成为最强的团队，从而使我们有更大的机会赢得梦想中的赌注。 11 FSP。我们使用Pycaret Python库来帮助我们理解并采用最佳回归算法来进行问题陈述，以做出精确的预测。此外，我们使用Plotly Python图书馆为我们提供了对团队的视觉见解，并且玩家通过计算前瞻性游戏的统计和主观因素来表演。交互作用图帮助我们提高了我们的预测模型的建议。您要么赢得大，赢得小巧，要么根据预期游戏中为您的幻想团队选出的球员的表现而失去赌注，而我们的模型增加了您赢得大的可能性。

我们介绍了一个机器人组装系统，该系统简化了从产品组件的CAD模型到完整编程和自适应组装过程的设计对制造工作流程。我们的系统（在CAD工具中）捕获了特定机器人工作电脑组装过程的意图，并生成了任务级指令的配方。通过将视觉传感与深度学习的感知模型相结合，机器人推断出从生成的配方中组装设计的必要动作。感知模型是直接从模拟训练的，从而使系统可以根据CAD信息识别各个部分。我们用两个机器人的工作栏演示了系统，以组装互锁的3D零件设计。我们首先在模拟中构建和调整组装过程，并验证生成的食谱。最后，真正的机器人工作电池使用相同的行为组装了设计。

最近的各向同性网络，例如Convmixer和Vision Transformers，在视觉识别任务中发现了巨大的成功，匹配或胜过非方向性卷积神经网络（CNNS）。各向同性架构特别适合跨层重量共享，这是一种有效的神经网络压缩技术。在本文中，我们对各向同性网络中共享参数的方法（SPIN）进行了经验评估。我们提出了一个框架，以形式化重量分享设计决策并对此设计空间进行全面的经验评估。在我们的实验结果的指导下，我们提出了一种重量共享策略，以与仅传统缩放方法相比，在拖放和参数与准确性方面，产生一个具有更好总体效率的模型家族，例如，将Convmixer压缩为1.9倍，同时提高准确性的准确性成像网。最后，我们进行定性研究，以进一步了解各向同性体系结构中的重量共享的行为。该代码可在https://github.com/apple/ml-pin上找到。